Aging- Living Organisms - 1908 Words

Aging is a fundamental truth and an inevitable aspect of every living organism in the world. There are more than four hundred theories on ‘how’ and ‘why’ we age. None of them stands out as a single winner in explaining everything about ‘aging’ but in fact, they are all interconnected and together they explain the possible process of aging. This assignment attempts to explore the research based avenues which could possibly help Mickey live significantly longer than Minnie, based on the assumption that Mickey and Minnie inherit the same genetic programme but follow different life styles. Different authors and researchers define aging differently. Aging has been defined by Balducci(2007) as a loss of â€Å"entropy and fractality.† Loss of entropy implies a progressive reduction in an individual’s functional reserve, whereas loss of fractality implies a progressive reduction in the ability to coordinate different activity and negotiate the environment†. Yet another definition which would encapsulate the wider meaning of the term aging is â€Å"aging as a multifaceted phenomenon associated with decrements in cellular and physiological functions, increases in the incidence of numerous degenerative diseases and diminished capacity for responding to stress (Beckman and Ames, 1998). The theories on aging can broadly be classified as programmed and damage based. While the former argues that the complex process of aging is primarily pre-programmed by genes and not due to any random orShow MoreRelatedGreek Gods : Ancient Gods1379 Words   |  6 PagesWith such a strange set of beings, all five share one common trait—immortality. Though not in the spiritual sense, certain organisms, such as the ones listed above, have successfully acquired the evolutionary trait that prevents their bodies from dying of old age. For many years mankind has struggled in search of finding a path toward immortality. It is with these organisms today which has allowed researchers, and scientists alike, to glean from their cells. With recent advancements in technologyRead MoreThe Cradle And The Grave And How We Are Affected By Our Genes1397 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent things that can affect the way all living organisms live and die. In this paper, I will discuss the time that is between the cradle and the grave and how we are affected by our genes, free radicals, and everyday choices. The term â€Å"Aging† refers to in specific human beings, many animals, and fungi. Organisms such as bacteria, recurrent plants and some simple animals are theoretically immortal. Ageing can refer to single cells within an organism which have ceased dividing, also known asRead MoreIn Living Organisms, There Is A Common Process That Occurs,1748 Words   |  7 PagesIn living organisms, there is a common process that occurs, that is known as aging. Aging is process that begins the day that we are born and only ends on the day that die (Woodrow, 2002). It involves gradual physical and psychological changes to the human body and mind, in addition to societal changes. Throughout one’s lifespan, adaptation plays a pivotal role in aging, as many are challenged with limitations throughout. In society today, it is common to hear people say that they want to age Read MoreImmunological Theory of Aging Essay748 Words   |  3 Pageshinder their short lives, especially those to evade the aging process. With society becoming increasingly interested in everlasting beauty and living longer, the race to discover the main contributor toward aging begun in the early nineteen hundreds. In the midst of this quest, several biological theories had been developed. Among these theories is the immunity or immunological theory. This paper will discuss the immunological theory of aging by explaining the theory, giving a history of its originRead More Gaining Control of the Gene Responsible for Apoptosis Essay examples1141 Words   |  5 PagesGaining Control of the Gene Responsible for Apoptosis When we gain control of the gene responsible for the phenomenon of apoptosis, we will be in control of aging. We are finding more evidence every day, indicating genetic links to all sorts of factors in the human being. We are just now beginning to scratch the surface of our own genetics. A landmark discover has just been unveiled: In February [2001], the two groups charting the human genome published their results—the entire 3 billionRead MoreLouis Pasteur Essay1279 Words   |  6 Pagesthe plane of polarized light; with the information from his studies, he became convinced him that asymmetry was one of the fundamental characteristics of living matter, a vastly important contribution to the field of science in general. In addition to this, Stereochemistry allows us to know how a certain molecule will interact with an organism; anti-nausea medications in the 1950’s that created devastating birth defects with â€Å"flipper-like† appendages is just one example of the consequences of notRead MoreTaking a Look at DNA Supercoiling684 Words   |  3 Pagesover-winding or under-winding of a DNA strand. In general, most organisms’ DNA is negatively supercoiled. There are two types of supercoiling: positive and negative. Positive supercoiling means that the DNA strands are twisted in the right direction; whereas negative supercoiling means that the DNA strands are twisted in the left direction. The laws of Physics govern everything that happens in the world, including DNA coiling in living beings. Some of the concepts in Physics that are involved in DNARead MoreGmo : Genetically Modified Organisms876 Words   |  4 Pagesbecause GMO’s are bad. GMO’s (Genetically Modified Organisms) are being created in order to help make these companies do that exact, along with a few other things. GMO’s are plants or animals that have undergone a process wherein scientists alter their genes with DNA from different species of livin g organisms, bacteria, or viruses to get desired traits such as resistance to disease or tolerance of pesticides. Although genetically modified organisms produce greater yields of what is needed/wanted, itRead MoreThe Problems of Aging on Elderly1197 Words   |  5 Pagesbeings ageing refers to physical and mental changes with respect to time. As the time passes a person grows old and his physical body becomes weak but his mentality has increased due to experiences.In scientific language senescenceis the term used for aging process. It is measured by the person’s date of birth which comes once in a year. The process of ageing is so interesting because it starts by your birth when you open your eyes for the first time in this world and then stops by your death. AgeingRead MoreGenetic Engineering : Medical Perfection Or Playing God1280 Words   |  6 PagesThesis Statement â€Å"Genetic engineering differs from cloning in key ways. Whereas cloning produces genetically exact copies of organisms, genetic engineering refers to processes in which scientists manipulate genes to create purposefully different versions of organisms—and, in some cases, entirely new living things†, duplication of genetic cells is known as human cloning. Development of genetic engineering biotechnologies undermines the natural autonomy of life. Does genetic engineering interfere

Wk6AssgnNixL - 1398 Words

Latin American Subtraction Algorithm Lisa Nix Walden University Dr. Mary Robinson, Instructor MATH-6562G-1, Base Ten Number System Operation: Addition/Subtraction October 21, 2013 Latin American Subtraction Algorithm The Latin American subtraction algorithm is based on the fact that the difference between the two numbers does not change while adding the same amount to the minuend and subtrahend (Indiana University Southeast, n.d.). This algorithm appears to be one that requires precision to detail as it is different from the traditional subtraction algorithm the majority of students have been taught. Regardless of teacher preference, providing students with various strategies allows them to experience the diversity in problem†¦show more content†¦A: Exemplary Work A = 4.00; A- = 3.75 All of the previous, in addition to the following: B: Graduate Level Work B+ = 3.50; B = 3.00; B- = 2.75 All of the previous, in addition to the following: C: Minimal Work C+ = 2.50; C = 2.00; C- = 1.75 F: Work Submitted but Unacceptable F = 1.00 Adherence to Assignment Expectations The extent to which work meets the assigned criteria. Assignment exceeds expectations, integrating additional material and/or information. Assignment

Lies the Media Tells Us Chapter 3 Big Pharma Free Essays

Going to the doctor’s office is never a fun experience. Probing, poking, and trying to decipher what the doc writes on your prescription can be confusing, however, the most upsetting part is what goes on behind closed doors. Big Pharma, chapter 3 of Lies the Media Tells Us, explains the PR tactics of drug companies. We will write a custom essay sample on Lies the Media Tells Us Chapter 3 Big Pharma or any similar topic only for you Order Now James Winter explains these tactics used to persuade doctors to use their brand. In some cases these doctors can get free vacations, cars, front row seating for a basketball game, and a stack of cash. The doctors that respond to these tactics are completely unethical. Doctors have the responsibility to prescribe the best drugs for their patients. Although many Doctors pick what gives the best gift package. Doctors have also been known to push drugs onto patients that may not really need it. This is due to the continual widening of guidelines. This widening is increasing proportions of the population so there are more candidates that fit into the category. This is when a condition gets called a disease. The best case scenario of this is Viagra. Viagra is for male sexual deficiency that has been shoved down America’s throat. There were many discrete commercials about it during day time air and more explicit commercials at night. There were also several celebrity endorsements, Hugh Hefner was glorified for being a user. What drug companies aim for are life-long medication users. These candidates are a gold mine for companies because they have created a dependency for the drug. Another highly publicized â€Å"disease† is high cholesterol. The Pfizer drug company has pushed their cholesterol pills for a decade now and all the marketing has worked. However, what they don’t tell you is that these pills run the risk of having more side effects than lowering cholesterol. By law these commercials need to state the side effects but when your being prescribed most doctors don’t dwell on these facts. This is wrong when there are better natural forms available. Although Doctors rarely discuss this with patients because these natural forms are very cheap or in some cases completely free. A healthy diet, naps, and some exercise are all examples of ways to lower cholesterol without taking prescribed pills. The push to take pills to help medical problems has completely consumed our country. In my opinion I feel that this correlates with the rise of plastic surgery. The easy way out is very popular among all ages because the time and effort that exercise or healthy diets needs is not necessary when pills and plastic surgery are in reach. These pharmaceutical companies adore patients that take their medicine and don’t ask questions. But what happens to the people that do? Not all doctors are shady and unethical. Nancy Olivieri and Dr. David Healy are true whistleblowers. Both have tried to get the medias attention to worn the public about unsafe drugs. Unfortunately, their good deed put them through heavy backlash and court cases. Olivieri and Healy saw their colleagues turn their backs on them and were fired. This is a tough price to pay when they were trying to do the right thing. Pharmaceutical companies can get away with all of this because they have the money. They pay off whistleblowers, they perform under the table deals with doctors, have multi-million dollar campaign ads for their drugs, and have celebrity endorsers. Although these tactics are very unethical there is one more that upset me the most. This is ghostwriting. Ghostwriting is a doctor that works for the drug company and writes an article for a drug that gets published in a medical journal. Lots of doctors write for medical journals but what separates them is their lack of honesty. These ghostwriters don’t say their affiliated with the pharmaceutical and praise the drug that the company wants to endorse. When these companies get articles published about their drug its free advertising. So when other doctors read the article their actually looking at an advertisement but they don’t know it. These medical journals are supposed to be unbiased and legitimate. This is undermining why these medical journals are published and taken so seriously. In my opinion this is the worst thing a pharmaceutical company can do. PR is a huge branch within the pharmaceutical company and they all have about the same strategies when a drug scandal breaks. I feel that this is crucial to why these companies have gotten away with so much. Their first tactic is denial. Like a child they deny everything and have accused the media of sensationalism and attack their accuracy of reporting. If the scandal doesn’t dissipate after they have three different options. First they could shutdown, this consists of claiming their is a conspiracy. Second option is an extrication which is hiring high priced lawyers to find an escape route or third which is purging. Purging is very interesting because they basically pick an employee in their own company, pay them to take the rap, and then tell everyone it was the employees fault. Most of the time they try to get someone that is going to retire; I guess everyone has a price. The last option of the pharm co. is the most used. This is the compensation tactic. The drug company offers the plaintiff a large settlement as long as the plaintiff agrees there was no malpractice. This corrupt business isn’t that big of a shock. Where ever their is a lot of money there is usually some unethical practices. However, I feel that their money has way too much control. Their funds are practically endless and they will come up with any lie to make more money. After reading this chapter I thought about Obama’s healthcare reform. I think the reason why their is so much backlash is because the pharmaceutical companies are scared about the future and if they will be able to keep these shenanigans going. I like the idea of Obama’s healthcare but I know that these companies will weasel their unethical views into it. Honestly, I don’t think there is anyway to stop this unless everyone working for these companies is fired and it is started back up from scratch. How to cite Lies the Media Tells Us Chapter 3 Big Pharma, Papers

Supporting social and emotional development and providing positive guidance free essay sample

Self: My goal is to create a warm, positive, supportive relationship with children. I observed that positive, supportive environment would build confidence in children when my son was in pre k, I did volunteer work in his class, and I perceive that building warm, supportive, and positive relationship with children is important to build a positive self-concept, self-respect, and confidence in the children. I enjoy creating a family tree with children. I will create an environment that children sense their self-respect is valued and I will create space for each child in class like label their name on cubbies and photos, their works displayed at their eye level. According to children’s need, I will provide developmentally appropriate materials, and ensure that modified as needed, also special needs. I will show sensitivity towards children’s concerns and feelings. Also, I will express kindness and support for children when theyre having trouble. We will write a custom essay sample on Supporting social and emotional development and providing positive guidance or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I will encourage children’s to improve self-help, self-regulation skills and I will use books, resources, strategies, and curriculum that explain children to believe in themselves is important to succeed in the future.Social: My goal is to create a social environment that motivates children to come together and communicate with buddies. I will encourage the social development of children, and I believe that group activities support children’s social skills. I love to create art activity for children to cooperate with friends. I will commit to school and families to create an environment that will improve children’s social skills. To achieve this goal, I will plan a curriculum that supports children to interact and communicate with friends, like group play, center activity, cultural group, art, games, small group and a large group that they can enjoy mutual hobbies. I will use resources, stories, and books that support children’s social development, and I will ensure that children understand each others feeling and they respect their friends emotions. I will encourage them to develop pro-social skills such as helping, sharing. According to Lev Vygotsky theory, social interaction play develops cognition in the children, and I agree with his theory.Guidance: My goal is to create an environment that will encourage positive behavior toward the children and family. I believe that a well-organized environment that will support children’s undisciplined behavior to manage. I like to create positive guidance rules with children for the classroom that will be more effective and powerful interactions for t hem. I will encourage children’s to keep self-regulation and kind behavior with their friends, and I will create group play that will develop pro-social skills in the children. I will commit to school and families to that I will create an environment that will support to resolve the problem with the challenging behavior of the children. I will use techniques like self-control, speaking softly and privately that will help to handle negative behaviors in the children. I will provide materials that will help children to release negative feelings

Advancement Medical Healthcare Organization-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Advancement Medical Healthcare Organization? Answer: Introduction: With the recent advancement of medical field and healthcare organization, they are able to successfully handle patients with a large number of chronic diseases altogether. The mean age of expectancy for individuals has increased. Healthcare professionals have become competent enough to handle many such cases with high expertise and their contribution has helped in increase in number of population of old age cohort. Maintaining such complex patients with huge number of chronic morbidities have brought happiness in families and helped them to live longer (Brownie, Scott Rossiter, 2016). The following report will mainly look over the interrelationship of complexity, chronicity and co-morbidity in healthcare. It will also help to untie a case study sequentially giving insights about how nursing professionals can use their critical thinking power to handle such cases effectively. Interrelationship of complexity, chronicity and co-morbidity in healthcare: A recent trend has been captured by researchers over time which has a magnanimous effect on the resources of not only healthcare centers but also on the lives of patients as well as their family members. Mostly in the high income countries, it is found that the population mortality curve has become somewhat rectangular suffering that the mean age death of the individuals has progressively extended towards much older age in comparison to previous years (Grembowski et al., 2014). However, the increase in longevity is has not been associated with reduction in morbidity of the patients. As more number of individuals is living for a much larger period of time than their predecessors, therefore they are being affected by more disorders. This trend is seen being associated with a growth in individuals living in with multiple concurrent chronic conditions called multi-morbidities or co-morbidities (Katjol et al., 2016). Most primary as well as secondary healthcare centers are facing increasi ng number of old aged patients with a number of chronic morbidities. This gives an overall concept of the complexity of the patients condition due to the presence of large number of chronic ailments in the form of co morbid symptoms. The most important factor that is supporting the patients to live longer lives are the growth of clinical practice guidelines under the influence of evidence based medicines and concerns for knowledge translation. They have helped many old patients to survive for long even in complex conditions with their chronic co morbid diseases but this had created a huge pressure on the resources of the healthcare centers as well as the family members increasing heir burden and poor quality lives. It is advised by researchers that healthcare industry should develop requisite management tools and care approaches which would help in providing appropriate care for all complex patients (Aquitrre et al., 2017). Therefore it can be seen that complexity, chronicity and co morbidity are interlinked and the concept should be clear to all healthcare professionals so that they can rightly handle the upcoming challenges in healthcares. Pathophysiology of COPD and its association with cigarette smoking both in active and passive mode: COPD is characterized by three important occurrences which affect the health of the patient. They are airway inflammation, mucocilliary dysfunction as well as consequent airway structural changes. The first occurrence which is the airway inflammation is mainly caused by the chronic inflammation of airways, pulmonary blood vessels as well as lung tissues mainly as the results of the exposure of the airway to different inhaled irritant such as tobacco smoke. The inhaled irritants cause inflammatory cells like that of the neutrophils, CD8+T-lymphocytes, B cells and macrophages to come together and accumulate. These cells eventually become activated that helps in the initiation of the inflammatory cascade. This in turn results in the release of various types of inflammatory mediators like as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-), interferongamma (IFN-), matrix-metalloproteinases (MMP-6, MMP-9), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukins (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8) and fibrinogen (Celi, 2014). They cause sustenance of the inflammatory process which ultimately leads to the damage of various tissues as well as range of different systematic effects. The chronic inflammation also causes outset of the diseases and leads to different types of structural changes in the lungs which causes perpetuation of the airflow limitation. The second factor is the structural changes. Due to airway remodeling, inflammatory response remains associated with COPD that leads to narrowing of the airways. Three factors which contribute to this is the peribronchial fibrosis, building up of the scar tissue that result from the damage to the airways and also occurrence of over multiplication of the epithelial cells which line the airways. Symptoms of emphysema may also take place when there is parenchymal dysfunction. This is associated with the loss of lung tissue elasticity which results due to destruction of the structures that support and fed the alveoli (Adnot, 2014). The small airways collapse during exha lation resulting in impeding airflow, trapping air in the lungs and reducing the lung capacity. The third factor is the mucociliary dysfunction. Smoking and inflammation result in the enlargement of the mucous glands that line the walls of the airway. This causes the goblet cells metaplasia which in turn causes the healthy cells of the lungs to be replaced by mucus secreting cells. The mucocilairy system which is responsible for clearing mucus form the airways also gets damaged dye to the inflammations. Therefore excess mucus is formed in the airways that eventually accumulate that blocks the airways and worsen the airflow (Milne King, 2014). The above mentioned pathophysiology can be linked with the patients condition. She was herself a smoker which had already affected the condition of the lungs. Though she had quitted the smoking habit, she is still projected to danger as her husband is a smoker and she is vulnerable to passive smoking. The tiny particles of the smoke enter into her lungs each time she inhales the smoke, the bronchial tubes get swollen and inflamed. Lining of the airways produces larger amount of mucus which traps the irritants. The combined effect of these makes the airways thickened in the patient as well as narrowed because of swelling and mucus. This cause reduction in the amount of airflow and increased mucus results in persistent cough. In these ways, she has become a COPD patient. Pathophysiology of the osteoarthritis and rationale behind the patients present condition: Osteoarthritis mainly takes place due to the malfunction of the chondrocyte. Due to this reason the structure of the cartilage changes. The production of the large protein which usually helps in the retainment of water within the cartilage gets reduced. As a result of these, the cartilage gradually becomes dehydrated overtime and therefore becomes more brittle (Arden et al., 2014). Therefore when a load is applied on them, the structure is more likely to fail and as a result of which cracks begin to occur. This cracking in the cartilage is termed as fissuring. In course of time as more cracks begin to develop, piece of cartilage begins to flake away and no new cartilage is produced in the gaps (Mobasheri Batt, 2016). In course of time, no cartilage remains left that would cover the bone. Hence, any movement of the joints requires the bone to move directly against the bones. Therefore it causes successive pain the individuals (Olivotto et al., 2015). The patient of the case study had a strenuous livelihood of a cleaner and mechanical tear and wear over the years had resulted in her to develop symptoms of arthritis. Symptoms that the nurse should take in consideration before designing her care plan: The patient who has come for consultation to the clinic has disorders like COPD and arthritis like symptoms. With the gradual advancement of age, she is noticing gradual loss of mobility and increased issues with her breathing even when she is conducting minor works and walking small distances. This is disrupting her caring for her grandchildren. The nurse found that her body weight has increased from 64 Kg to that of 72 Kg in the last 3 months. She is also having pain and discomfort arising from her spine. Hence the patient is having a set of complex symptoms which the nurse to critically analyze properly so that she can develop an intervention plan which will help he patient to handle all her symptoms effectively and help her enjoy a better quality life. Interaction between hypertension, COPD and arthritis: As the patient is suffering from COPD, the amount of oxygen that is going to the blood gets reduced. This results in the production of high blood pressure in the blood vessels form the heart to that to the lungs. This makes it even more difficult for the heart as it cannot pump much needed blood to the rest of the body. Moreover this disorder of the lungs also cause body to produce more red blood cells thereby making the blood thicker and it becomes difficult for the heart to pump (Kirby Coxson, 2015). Therefore a person having both COPD and hypertension has to breathe faster in order to take in more oxygen. When a person suffers from such a situation, the doctor usually prescribed a proper lifestyle and correct medications which help to keep any harmful effects in heck and the patient can thereby lead proper quality life (Petersen et al., 2014). Another link up that may be found is that between osteoarthritis as well as high blood pressure. This has been stated by many researchers that a person suffering form osteoarthritis often suffer form joint pain as well a stress which in turn results in the rise of the blood pressure. Anxiety that a person usually develops due to lack of independence and fears about debility may also result the pressure to rise. Often worries about finances of management, rehabilitation and becoming incapacitated result in contribution to blood pressure elevation. Use of non steroidal anti-inflammatory medications also result in the development of high blood pressure in osteoarthritis patients but this cannot be the case as she uses only paracetamol to cure from the pain. The nurse should also be sure not to provide any NSAIDS as they may increase the blood pressure of the patient (Crofford et al., 2013). The patient is also seen to develop have gained weight and this would have a very harmful impact on the health of the patients. A greater body weight will put in more pressure and load on the bones which will affect the patients and her mobility will decrease over time due to the excessive pain that occur due to heavy weight on such bones. Medications provided to the patient and rationale behind it: Symbicort which is prescribed to the patient due to his COPD is formed form the combination of the budesonide as well as formoterol. The former one is the steroids which helps in the reduction o the inflammation that occurs in any part do the body and formoterol is a bronchodilator which helps in the relaxation of the muscles in the airways that helps in improvement in breathing. Therefore this medication is a right type of drug prescribed to the patient (Bagherisadhegi, Lahrnib Chrystyn. 2015). Spiriva contains tiotropium which is very much helpful to prevent symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath and others which patients with COPD often face. This medication mainly works by relaxing the muscles around the airways s that they can easily open up and the patient can breathe more easily. Salbutamol is the medication which is often used as inhalers by patients. They work by acting on the receptors present in the beta 2 receptors. This medication actually helps in the stimulation of the receptors which in turn causes the muscles in the airways to relax. This allows the airways to open and help the patient in easy breathing (Ballantine, 2017). Paracetamol is prescribed to the patients for mild to moderate pain in muscular spasms as well. For inflammatory arthritis often nurses prescribe the use of paracetamol with non steroidal anti inflammatory drug. However, the nurse should be very careful as this is a complex case and the patient already has hypertension. It is suggested by the researchers that NSAIDS often increase the blood pressure and therefore if do happens in the patients, she might face threats to her life. Hence she would be very careful in providing medication to the patient for arthritis. Perindropil is along acting angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor which is prescribed by doctors to treat high blood pressure, heart failure as well as stable coronary artery diseases in form of perindopril arginine. In case of this patient, it would be helpful in controlling his high blood pressure by relaxing the blood vessel and helping in easy and smooth passage of blood (Sirenko et al., 2016). Nurses intervention: Besides this medication, the nurse should also introduce proper lifestyle management plans for her along with proper diet system is that she can effectively mange her weight. As she is osteo-arthritis, she would be given some freehand exercises and would also be asked to consult with physiotherapist for best effects. Proper medication should be followed in order to tackle the symptoms of COPD and arthritis and hypertension. The management of such complete situation of the patient will result in outflow of finances which would provide a hard time on her family. As her daughters would be working, the entire care giving responsibility would be on her husband who is also aged and might get stressed when providing care to such complex patients. Therefore, a strenuous situation may arise but proper planning with the members of the family and correct healthcare education will benefit the patient and also all the members successfully. Conclusion: The nurses of this age are educated with the most modern form of nursing that uses evidence based studies as their mode of development of skills. These had helped them to understand the interrelationship of the different chronic illness faced by the patients. They try to find the link by properly understanding their pathophysiology and then link them with the patients condition. They then try to provide medication and interventions which will help patients to overcome their symptoms. At the same time, they also need to be careful that the medication do not cause drug drug interaction which affects the patients negatively. Hence, student nurses should develop themselves according to this trend so that they can practice their profession with skill and knowledge. References: Adnot, S. (2014). Cell senescence and pathophysiology of chronic lung diseases: role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Bulletin de l'Academie nationale de medecine,198(4-5), 659-671. Aguirre, N. G., Martnez, A. C., Muoz, L. B., Avellana, M. C., Marco, J. V., Dez-Manglano, J. (2017). Polypathology, polypharmacy, medication regimen complexity and drug therapy appropriateness.Revista Clnica Espaola (English Edition). Arden, N., Blanco, F., Cooper, C., Guermazi, A., Hayashi, D., Hunter, D., ... Reginster, J. Y. (2014).Atlas of osteoarthritis. Springer Healthcare Limited. Bagherisadeghi, G., Larhrib, H., Chrystyn, H. (2015). Ex-vivo study of Symbicort using inhalation profiles of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).J Aeros Med and Pulmon Drug Deli, A11-A12. Ballantine, M. (2017). Letter in response to: A Cost Analysis of Salbutamol Administration by Metered-Dose Inhalers with Spacers versus Nebulization for Patients with Wheeze in the Pediatric Emergency Department: Evidence from Observational Data in Nova Scotia.Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine, 1-1. Brownie, S., Scott, R., Rossiter, R. (2016). Therapeutic communication and elationships in chronic and complex care.Nursing Standard,31(6), 54-63. Celli, B. R. (2014). Pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. InMechanics of Breathing(pp. 339-352). Springer Milan. Crofford, L. J. (2013). Use of NSAIDs in treating patients with arthritis.Arthritis research therapy,15(3), S2. Grembowski, D., Schaefer, J., Johnson, K. E., Fischer, H., Moore, S. L., Tai-Seale, M., ... LeRoy, L. (2014). A conceptual model of the role of complexity in the care of patients with multiple chronic conditions.Medical care,52, S7-S14. Kathol, R. G., Knutson, K. H., Dehnel, P. J. (2016). Health Complexity and the Interaction Between Physical and Behavioral Health Conditions in Adults. InPhysician's Guide(pp. 27-49). Springer International Publishing. Kirby, M., Coxson, H. O. (2015). Uncovering the Bronchovascular Links in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with Pulmonary Hypertension. Milne, S., King, G. G. (2014). Advanced imaging in COPD: insights into pulmonary pathophysiology.Journal of thoracic disease,6(11), 1570. Mobasheri, A., Batt, M. (2016). An update on the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis.Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine,59(5), 333-339. Olivotto, E., Otero, M., Marcu, K. B., Goldring, M. B. (2015). Pathophysiology of osteoarthritis: canonical NF-B/IKK-dependent and kinase-independent effects of IKK in cartilage degradation and chondrocyte differentiation.RMD open,1(Suppl 1), e000061. Petersen, H., Sood, A., Meek, P. M., Shen, X., Cheng, Y., Belinsky, S. A., ... Celli, B. (2014). Rapid lung function decline in smokers is a risk factor for COPD and is attenuated by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use.CHEST Journal,145(4), 695-703. Sirenko, Y. M., Rekovets, O. L., Kushnir, S. M., Torbas, O. O. (2016). Comparative Efficiency of Enalapril and Perindopril in Terms of the Effect on Central Blood Pressure and Elastic Properties of Arteries in Patients with Mild to Moderate Hypertension.HYPERTENSION, (2.46), 101-112.

The pardoners tale

The pardoners tale The Pardoner's Greed The pardoner, in Geoffrey Chaucer's "The Pardoner's Tale," is a devious character. He is a man with a great knowledge of the Catholic Church and a great love of God. However, despite the fact that he is someone whom is looked at with respect at the time, the pardoner is nothing more than an imposter who makes his living by fooling people into thinking he forgives their sins, and in exchange for pardons, he takes their money. His sermon-like stories and false relics fool the people of the towns he visits and make him seem as a plausible man, which is exactly what the pardoner wants. In fact, the pardoner is an avaricious and deceitful character whose driving force in life is his motto, "Radix malorum est cupiditas," which is Latin for "greed is the root of evil." The pardoner's entire practice is based upon his motto and is motivated entirely by greed.The Pardoner, from Geoffrey Chaucer's The Pardoner...The pardoner is supposed to forgive sins, however, he views h is position as a scheme to make money and turns it into a fraud. His excellent speaking skills allow him to turn this profession into a scam. He attracts the people with his storytelling and his sermons, which are pleasing to them, "By God, I hope I shal yow telle a thyng / That shal by reson been at youre liking," (457-58). One example of a sermon about his motto is the tale of the three rioters. This tale gives an ironic explanation related to the rioters deaths, due to greed and the pardoners practice of his profession, which is also driven by greed (Rossignol, 267). He tells the people what they would like to hear, so that he may pull them into his trap and later cheat them out...

Class and Its Derivatives

Class and Its Derivatives Class and Its Derivatives Class and Its Derivatives By Mark Nichol The Latin noun classis, meaning â€Å"category† or â€Å"fleet† or referring to a group of citizens called up for military duty, is the source of the word class and others derived from it, which are listed and defined in this post. In educational contexts, class pertains to a group of students (whether those enrolled in a particular course or in the same grade level), a course of instruction, or a meeting of such a course. In a socioeconomic sense, it refers to a stratum of social standing, in science it denotes a level of organization of living things, and in general it refers to a category. The verb class, meaning â€Å"categorize,† is used in the scientific and general senses, and the word serves as an adjective, including in the idiom â€Å"class act,† which offers an additional meaning equivalent to the adjective classy, meaning â€Å"elegant,† â€Å"refined,† â€Å"skillful,† or â€Å"well mannered.† The adjectives first-class and second-class literally pertain to a high and a moderate quality of accommodations during travel, respectively, and figuratively denote superiority and inferiority, respectively. (High-class and low-class are equivalent to the latter meanings.) The nouns â€Å"upper class† (pertaining to the affluent), â€Å"middle class† (those living a moderate lifestyle), and â€Å"lower class† (those with low incomes or none at all) also serve as adjectives. â€Å"Leisure class† refers to people wealthy enough that they are not required to work for a living. â€Å"Working class† describes people employed in jobs that do not necessarily require higher education as an employment qualification. (Underclass is similar in meaning.) The pejorative, condescending expression â€Å"chattering classes† alludes to political opponents who utter what are considered meaningless opinions. Terms related to education with the root class include classmate, referring to one enrolled in the same course or grade level, and classroom, denoting a room used for instruction. An upperclassman is a student in one of the two higher grade levels in secondary or postsecondary education (often identified as a junior or senior), and an underclassman has a standing in one of the two lower levels (a freshman or a sophomore.) (The female equivalents upperclasswoman and underclasswoman are rare.) Several terms based on class allude to a high quality of artistic achievement. Classic, as a noun or an adjective, alludes to something authoritative or typical, or long considered an exemplar of great achievement or high quality, though by extension it now describes anything memorable, even if merely because it is highly amusing or ironic. (â€Å"Did you see her trip and fall into her wedding cake? That was classic!†) â€Å"The classics† describes either the extant works of celebrated Greek and Roman writers or a nebulous body of more recent literature that those who claim to be erudite should be acquainted with. A style of architecture or art, including literature, that calls to mind the characteristics of corollary Greek or Roman achievements is referred to as classicism. Neoclassicism is an esthetic form influenced by classicism, and postclassicism denotes one that follows a period understood to be one of classicism. (The adjectival forms are classical, neoclassical, and postclassical.) Classical music is a form of sophisticated musical expression as distinct from simpler music such as folk or jazz. In terms of quality or social strata, other words derived from class include classism, meaning â€Å"discrimination based on class,† as well as classless, which can refer either to a lack of sophistication thought to be the result of being raised in an inferior class (dà ©classà © is a synonym for this sense adopted directly from French) or to someone who lives outside of class-based strictures or to freedom from class distinctions. Words pertaining to categorization include the verb classify and the adjective classified, which simply means â€Å"arrange into classes† but is also part of the standing phrase â€Å"classified ads† (sometimes truncated to â€Å"classifieds), which refers to advertisements divided into categories; the adjective also describes something categorized as being of restricted to a certain audience, such as a government document. Something that can be classified is classifiable, and classificatory describes something pertaining to classification. To outclass is to outperform someone considered to be in the same class, and a subclass is a further division of a category. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Creative Writing 101Top 11 Writing Apps for iOS (iPhone and iPad)â€Å"Least,† â€Å"Less,† â€Å"More,† and â€Å"Most†